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Ugo Cerletti
Ugo Cerletti (26 September 1877 - 25 July 1963) was an Italian neurologist who discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy used in psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy is a therapy in which electric current is used to provoke a seizure for a short durration. This therapy is used in an attempt to treat certain mental disorders, and may be useful when other possible treatments have not, or cannot, cure the person of their mental disorder.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/electroconvulsive-therapy/MY00129 )〕
==Life==
Ugo Cerletti was born in Conegliano, in the region of Veneto, Italy, on 26 September 1877. He studied Medicine at Rome and Turin, later specializing in neurology and neuropsychiatry. In his early scientific studies, Cerletti mainly focused on common issues in the fields of histology and histopathology. He demonstrated how the nervous tissue reacts to different pathogenic stimuli in its own ways, making the histopathology of nervous tissue an independent category in the study of medicine.〔Ugo Cerletti. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630.〕 As a student, he conducted some research under several influential people studying in the Medicinal field at that time.〔Ugo Cerletti. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630.〕 He studied with the most eminent neurologists of his time, first in Paris, France, with Pierre Marie and Dupré, then in Munich, Germany, with Emil Kraepelin (the "father" of modern scientific psychiatry) and Alois Alzheimer (the discoverer of the most common form of senile dementia, which today bears his name); and in Heidelberg, with Franz Nissl, a neuropathologist. Other large names in medicine that he studied with at the time include Sciamanna and Nissl.〔Ugo Cerletti 1877-1963. (1999). The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(4), 630.〕
After his studies, he was appointed head of the Neurobiological Institute, at the Mental Institute of Milan. He remained the director of the Neurobiological Institute of the Psychiatric Hospital of Milan from 1919 to 1924.〔Ugo Cerletti 1877–1963. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630-630.〕 In 1924 he was given a lecturing post in Neuropsychiatry in Bari; then, in 1928, he took over the post of Prof. Enrico Morselli, at the University of Genoa. Finally, in 1935, he became the Chair of the Department of Mental and Neurological Diseases at the University of Rome La Sapienza, where he developed electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of several kinds of mental disorders, a discovery which made him world-famous. Ugo Cerletti was appointed Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Rome La Sapienza.〔Kalinowsky, L. (1964). Ugo Cerletti, 1877-1963. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 5(1), 64-65.〕
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